消防排煙風(fēng)機(jī)通常是高層民用建筑的主要防排煙設(shè)施，是高層民用建筑保障人民生命財(cái)產(chǎn)不可缺少的。但由于部分設(shè)計(jì)、施工人員對(duì)防排煙設(shè)施的結(jié)構(gòu)、作用、性能缺乏了解，對(duì)規(guī)范標(biāo)準(zhǔn)理解不透徹，導(dǎo)致消防排煙風(fēng)機(jī)在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中通常遇到一些問(wèn)題，這些問(wèn)題直接關(guān)系到排煙效果及建筑。

　　Fire exhaust fans are usually the main smoke control facilities in high-rise civil buildings, and are indispensable for ensuring the safety of people's lives and property in high-rise civil buildings. However, due to a lack of understanding of the structure, function, and performance of smoke control facilities by some designers and construction personnel, as well as a lack of thorough understanding of national standards and regulations, fire smoke exhaust fans often encounter some problems in practical applications, which directly affect smoke exhaust effectiveness and building safety.

　　一、自然排煙設(shè)施達(dá)不到排煙目的? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

　　1、 Natural smoke exhaust facilities cannot achieve the purpose of smoke exhaust?

　　問(wèn)題表現(xiàn)：部分工程由于設(shè)計(jì)、施工不規(guī)范，導(dǎo)致自然排煙窗設(shè)置位置不當(dāng)、開(kāi)窗面積不足、結(jié)構(gòu)形式不合理或缺少便于開(kāi)啟的操作機(jī)構(gòu)，從而無(wú)法有效排煙。原因分析：設(shè)計(jì)未按規(guī)范要求進(jìn)行，施工過(guò)程中存在偏差，以及后期維護(hù)管理不善。

　　Problem manifestation: Due to non-standard design and construction, some projects have resulted in improper placement of natural smoke exhaust windows, insufficient window area, unreasonable structural form, or lack of easy to open operating mechanisms, thus unable to effectively exhaust smoke. Reason analysis: The design was not carried out according to the specifications, there were deviations during the construction process, and poor maintenance and management in the later stage.

　　二、機(jī)械排煙設(shè)施排煙效果不明顯問(wèn)題表現(xiàn)：機(jī)械排煙系統(tǒng)在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中，送風(fēng)口、排煙口風(fēng)量、余壓值達(dá)不到規(guī)范要求，排煙效果不佳。原因分析：風(fēng)機(jī)選型不當(dāng)、系統(tǒng)配置不合理（如合用正壓送風(fēng)系統(tǒng)未設(shè)計(jì)壓差調(diào)節(jié)裝置）、防煙分區(qū)設(shè)置不規(guī)范、送風(fēng)口設(shè)置不符合要求以及風(fēng)管豎井施工質(zhì)量差等。

　　2、 The problem of unclear smoke exhaust effect of mechanical smoke exhaust facilities is manifested in the practical application of mechanical smoke exhaust systems, where the air volume and residual pressure values of the air supply and exhaust ports do not meet the standard requirements, resulting in poor smoke exhaust effect. Reason analysis: Improper selection of fans, unreasonable system configuration (such as no pressure difference adjustment device designed for the shared positive pressure air supply system), non-standard setting of smoke prevention zones, non compliant setting of air supply outlets, and poor construction quality of air duct shafts.

　　三、防排煙風(fēng)機(jī)的供配電不符合規(guī)范要求問(wèn)題表現(xiàn)：部分消防排煙風(fēng)機(jī)的供電線路未接自消防電源，或采用單回路配電線路，未設(shè)末端電源自動(dòng)切換裝置，無(wú)法滿足高層民用建筑負(fù)荷級(jí)別要求。

　　3、 The problem of the power supply and distribution of smoke exhaust fans not meeting the regulatory requirements is manifested as follows: some fire exhaust fans' power supply lines are not connected to the fire power supply, or single circuit distribution lines are used, and there is no automatic switching device for the end power supply, which cannot meet the load level requirements of high-rise civil buildings.

　　原因分析：設(shè)計(jì)疏忽、施工不當(dāng)以及后期維護(hù)管理不到位。四、應(yīng)設(shè)機(jī)械防排煙設(shè)施的部位未按規(guī)范要求設(shè)置問(wèn)題表現(xiàn)：在一些需要設(shè)置機(jī)械防排煙設(shè)施的部位，未按規(guī)定設(shè)置機(jī)械排煙設(shè)施。如：

　　Reason analysis: design negligence, improper construction, and inadequate maintenance and management in the later stage. 4、 The problem of mechanical smoke control facilities not being installed in accordance with regulatory requirements is manifested as the failure to install mechanical smoke control facilities in some areas where they are required. For example:

　　1、帶裙房的高層民用建筑防煙樓梯間及前室，消防電梯間前室或合用前室，當(dāng)裙房以上部分利用可開(kāi)啟外窗進(jìn)行自然排煙，裙房部分不具備自然排煙條件時(shí)，其前室或合用前室未按規(guī)范要求設(shè)置正壓送風(fēng)系統(tǒng)；

　　1. When smoke proof staircases and lobbies, fire elevator lobbies or shared lobbies in high-rise civil buildings with podiums are equipped with natural smoke exhaust through openable external windows, and the podiums do not have natural smoke exhaust conditions, the lobbies or shared lobbies are not equipped with positive pressure air supply systems according to regulatory requirements;

　　2、超過(guò)20米無(wú)自然排煙的內(nèi)走道，有的設(shè)計(jì)人員因與其相連的防煙樓梯間前室有自然排煙，認(rèn)為其具備自然排煙的條件，未按規(guī)范要求設(shè)置機(jī)械排煙設(shè)施。原因分析：設(shè)計(jì)人員對(duì)規(guī)范理解不足，施工單位未按圖施工，以及消防監(jiān)督部門審查不嚴(yán)。

　　2. For interior corridors over 20 meters without natural smoke exhaust, some designers believe that they have the conditions for natural smoke exhaust due to the presence of natural smoke exhaust in the front room of the smoke proof staircase connected to them, and do not install mechanical smoke exhaust facilities as required by regulations. Reason analysis: The designers have insufficient understanding of the specifications, the construction unit did not follow the drawings during construction, and the fire supervision department did not conduct strict inspections.

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